基于功能危险性评估的民用飞机驾驶舱门设计探讨

FAA分别于2002年和2008年颁布25-106及25-127修正案,增加驾驶舱门安保事项以提高驾驶舱的安全水平。修正案要求加固驾驶舱门,驾驶舱门必须设计成可以阻止未被授权人员进入驾驶舱并且阻碍危险物体射入以保证机组人员的安全。驾驶舱门必须能检测驾驶舱失压并可以释放门或者卸压板平衡压力差,还应有措施使飞机机组成员在该舱门卡住的情况下能直接从驾驶舱进入客舱。因此,在驾驶舱门上设有一个可以快速释放的紧急出口。根据飞机驾驶舱门结构及功能的主要特点,对驾驶舱门功能故障进行探讨,同时对功能故障引发的危险性等级进行划分,以确定安全指标,进而辅助驾驶舱门设计工作。     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

基于序列近似优化算法的固体运载火箭弹道设计

采用打靶法研究固体运载火箭弹道优化设计问题。针对打靶法中智能优化算法效率、优化问题中约束条件提法等方面的不足,引入序列近似优化算法,提出算法中径向基函数高斯核宽度的高效确定方法。数值仿真实验表明,提出的方法可在基本不带来计算量增加的前提下,显著提高代理模型精度,使序列近似优化算法得到改进,提高优化效率。设计固体运载火箭飞行程序。建立弹道优化设计问题数学模型,并将模型中相关等式约束合理转化为不等式约束,降低优化问题求解难度;基于改进后的序列近似优化算法完成某固体运载火箭弹道优化,原始计算模型调用308次之后便搜索到最优解,较传统智能优化算法显著提高了优化效率,优化方案末助推级液体推进剂消耗比原方案减少25.7%。     

强光光学零件加工误差频谱分析与控制方法研究

本文利用功率谱密度分析磁流变抛光表面的敏感频率误差,发现走刀步距与中高频误差具有直接的关联性,通过小波算法确定其分布区域后,采用大束径的光顺抛光法对敏感频率误差进行控制,测试结果表明中高频误差得到了有效控制。本研究对强光光学零件加工误差的频谱分析、表征和控制具有指导意义。     

基于人机闭环稳定性的舵机速率限制边界

舵机速率限制是造成电传操纵飞机人机耦合的主要原因。利用描述函数法对舵机速率限制非线性进行建模,分析舵机速率限制非线性、人机耦合发生频率及人机闭环稳定性间的关系,并基于此提出舵机速率边界的确定方法;以典型放宽静稳定性飞机为例,基于最优McRuer驾驶员模型,确定人机闭环稳定性所需的最小舵机偏转速率;基于开环起始点(OLOP)准则对所确定的速率限制边界进行验证。结果表明:本文提出的舵机速率边界的确定方法最小成本地避免了人机耦合;所确定的舵机速率限制边界与OLOP准则边界对应的舵机速率基本吻合,即所建立的舵机速率限制边界确定方法合理。     

多模函数优化的改进花朵授粉算法

为了探讨花朵授粉算法（FPA）在解算多模函数优化问题中存在的不足,通过定义种群多样性及差异性指标,定性分析了FPA在多模复杂函数优化中的寻优缺点。基于模拟退火思想优化全局授粉过程,并利用Nelder-Mead单纯形搜索技术对花朵局部授粉进行重构,提出一种新的花朵授粉寻优架构。仿真结果表明,相对于基本的FPA、布谷鸟算法、萤火虫算法,改进花朵授粉算法能够有效避免陷入局部最优,具备优异的全局勘探和局部开采能力,对多模优化问题具有一定优势。      

Near-infrared study of open clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25

The astrophysical parameters have been estimated for two unstudied open star clusters Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 using the Two Micron All Sky Survey ($2\mathit{MASS}$) database. Radius is estimated as 4.5 arcmin for both clusters using radial density profiles. We have estimated proper motion values in both RA and DEC directions as $2.28\pm 0.3$ and $-0.38\pm 0.11$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 10 and $0.48\pm 0.3$ and $3.35\pm 0.16$?mas?yr^?1 for Teutsch 25 using $\mathit{PPMXL}$¹ catalog. By estimating the stellar membership probabilities, we have identified 30 and 28 most likely members for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. We have estimated the reddening as $E(B-V)=0.96\pm 0.3$?mag for Teutsch 10 and $0.58\pm 0.2$?mag for Teutsch 25, while the corresponding distances are $2.4\pm 0.2$ and $1.9\pm 0.1$?kpc. Ages of $70\pm 10$?Myr for Teutsch 10 and $900\pm 100$?Myr for Teutsch 25 are estimated using the theoretical isochrones of metallicity Z?=?0.019. The mass function slopes are derived as $1.23\pm 0.30$ and $1.09\pm 0.35$ for Teutsch 10 and Teutsch 25 respectively. Estimated mass function slope for both the clusters are close to the Salpeter value ($x=1.35$) within the errors. Estimated values of dynamical relaxation time are found to be less than cluster’s age for these objects. This concludes that both objects are dynamically relaxed. The possible reason for relaxation may be due to dynamical evolution or imprint of star formation or both.     

基于加权鉴别函数的二进制偏移载波信号跟踪方法

在移除二进制偏移载波（Binary Offset Carrier,BOC）信号跟踪模糊的同时,为了保持BOC信号高的码跟踪精度,提出基于加权鉴别函数（Weighted Discriminator Function,WDF）的BOC信号无模糊跟踪方法。WDF使用非相干超前减滞后功率（Noncoherent Early Minus Late Power,NELP）鉴别器和子载波相位消除（Sub Carrier Phase Cancellation technique,SCPC）鉴别器,生成无误锁点的鉴别函数实现BOC信号跟踪。针对BOC(10,5)信号,仿真结果表明,相比于SCPC、基于伪相关函数的无模糊延迟锁定环（Pseudo correlation function based Unambiguous Delay Lock Loop,PUDLL）方法和对称脉冲模糊移除（Symmetrical Pulse Ambiguity Removing,SPAR）方法,所提WDF方法在码跟踪误差方面分别改善了2.5dB、5.5dB与8.3dB,多径误差分别降为60.4%、32.8%与38.0%。因此,WDF是一种有效的、高性能的BOC信号无模糊跟踪方法。